Chapter 5
Learning

Learning Objectives for Chapter 5:
  1. Define learning, and distinguish it from performance.
  2. Summarize the basic process of classical conditioning; list the relevant factors in the process.
  3. Describe how Pavlov conditioned his dogs to salivate at the sound of a tone.
  4. Define acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, generalization, and discrimination.
  5. Describe the "Little Albert" experimental demonstration.
  6. Define phobic disorders and describe how systematic desensitization is used to treat such disorders.
  7. Explain the possible role of classical conditioning in addiction.
  8. Understand what makes an effective CS.
  9. Discuss what taste aversion studies tell us about the relationship between the CS and the UCS.
  10. Explain the principles of operant conditioning and the "Law of Effect."
  11. Discuss acquisition, shaping, extinction, and spontaneous recovery in operant conditioning.
  12. Describe generalization and discrimination and provide examples of each.
  13. Understand the operational definition of a reinforcer and how it differs from a reward.
  14. Distinguish between positive and negative reinforcers and primary and secondary reinforcers.
  15. Discriminate between continuous and partial reinforcement schedules.
  16. Explain the partial schedules of reinforcement and the advantages of using each.
  17. Describe the real world application of operant conditioning principles.
  18. Explain punishment, the forms it takes, how it differs from negative reinforcement, and its drawbacks in modifying children's behavior.
  19. Explain the concepts of latent learning and cognitive maps.
  20. Summarize the basic concepts of social learning theory, and discuss its possible outcomes.
  21. Distinguish between "reinforcement" and "vicarious reinforcement."