1. Describe “thinking” and relate it to concepts, reasoning, and problem-solving.
   
2. List three components of a problem.
   
3. Explain how to distinguish problems that are well defined or ill defined.
   
4. Describe problem representation.
   
5. Discuss how algorithmic and heuristic strategies are used to solve problems.
   
6. Define mental set and functional fixedness, and explain their effects on problem-solving.
   
7. Explain how heuristics hinder problem-solving.
   
8. Contrast divergent thinking and convergent thinking.
   
9. Understand the defining characteristics of language.
   
10. Explain psycholinguistics, and describe the structure of language.
    
11. Describe phonemes, graphemes, and morphemes and how they are related to the rules and structure of language.
    
12. Discuss how pragmatics is related to social context.
    
13. Provide a theoretical and operational definition of intelligence.
    
14. Explain the different models of intelligence offered by the numerous theorists.
    
15. Discuss the characteristics of a psychological test.
    
16. Explain how IQ was calculated when first introduced and how it is calculated today.
    
17. Describe the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, explaining the three-level hierarchical model of cognitive ability and the notion of intelligence quotient.
    
18. Describe the major features of the Wechsler Intelligence Scales.
    
19. Distinguish between paper-and-pencil intelligence tests and aptitude tests.
    
20. Discuss the specific skills and abilities that appear to be gender driven.
    
21. Explain the different methods used to study age effects on IQ and the different results obtained from the two methods.