Chapter 9
Personality
Learning Objectives for Chapter 9:
- Define personality.
- Discuss the three levels of consciousness proposed by Freud, and explain
the role instincts play in Freud's theory.
- List Freud's three structures of personality and the principles by which
they operate.
- Describe Freudian defense mechanisms and their purposes.
- Describe Freud's psychosexual stages of personality development.
- Explain the contributions of Adler, Jung, and Horney to the psychoanalytic
approach and the strengths and weaknesses of this approach.
- Describe the contributions made to personality theory by Watson, Skinner,
Dollard and Miller, and Bandura, and explain the criticisms leveled at the
behavioral-learning approach.
- Understand the assumptions of Mischel's cognitive approach to personality.
- Explain social intelligence and its relationship to personality.
- Discuss the humanistic approach to personality theorized by Rogers and
Maslow, and explain how this approach has been evaluated.
- Discuss how the trait approach to personality can be evaluated.
- Explain the personality trait approach according to Allport and Cattell.
- List the "Big Five" personality dimensions.
- Explain interactionism and describe how this relates to the construct
of personality.
- Explain behavioral observations and how they are used for assessing personality.
- Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the interview as a personality
assessment technique.
- Describe the MMPI-2, explain why it was designed, and define multiphasic.
- Explain how the California Personality Inventory differs from the MMPI.
- Describe the characteristics of projective techniques.
- Explain the Rorschach and the TAT, and discuss their reliability and validity.