Chapter 9
Personality


Learning Objectives for Chapter 9:
  1. Define personality.
  2. Discuss the three levels of consciousness proposed by Freud, and explain the role instincts play in Freud's theory.
  3. List Freud's three structures of personality and the principles by which they operate.
  4. Describe Freudian defense mechanisms and their purposes.
  5. Describe Freud's psychosexual stages of personality development.
  6. Explain the contributions of Adler, Jung, and Horney to the psychoanalytic approach and the strengths and weaknesses of this approach.
  7. Describe the contributions made to personality theory by Watson, Skinner, Dollard and Miller, and Bandura, and explain the criticisms leveled at the behavioral-learning approach.
  8. Understand the assumptions of Mischel's cognitive approach to personality.
  9. Explain social intelligence and its relationship to personality.
  10. Discuss the humanistic approach to personality theorized by Rogers and Maslow, and explain how this approach has been evaluated.
  11. Discuss how the trait approach to personality can be evaluated.
  12. Explain the personality trait approach according to Allport and Cattell.
  13. List the "Big Five" personality dimensions.
  14. Explain interactionism and describe how this relates to the construct of personality.
  15. Explain behavioral observations and how they are used for assessing personality.
  16. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the interview as a personality assessment technique.
  17. Describe the MMPI-2, explain why it was designed, and define multiphasic.
  18. Explain how the California Personality Inventory differs from the MMPI.
  19. Describe the characteristics of projective techniques.
  20. Explain the Rorschach and the TAT, and discuss their reliability and validity.